Supervisors: Erik Reimer Larsen & Dorthe Døjbak Håkonsson
Discussants: Irene Pollach & Marija Banovic

Abstract
Communities in remote areas often lack access to electricity, a challenge that exists in coun¬tries like Colombia, where the electricity grid primarily serves urban areas with more significant economic activity (Garces, Franco, Tomei, & Dyner, 2023). This situation aligns with one of the United Nations, which in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aims to ensure electricity access and, in turn, promote societal development (World Bank, 2022; Cabello, 2022) while also addressi¬ng the disparity in access between rural an urban area (Cabello Eras, Mendoza Fandiño, Sagastume Gutiérrez, Rueda Bayona, & Sofan German, 2022). This objective is supported by the idea that access to electricity is essential for everyday activities, such as cooking, and therefore it is a right to ensure with policies (Cabello Eras et al., 2022).

Electricity can be considered a common resource when derived from renewable energy sources (RE) like wind and solar (Liang, 2017) for isolated electricity generation. However, the intermittent and variable nature of RE leads to limitations in the consistent availability of resources, potentially caus¬ing scarcity of electricity and necessitating a sustainable energy consumption approach (Adu-Kankam & Camarinha-Matos, 2023; Wolsink, 2012).This situation has promoted the development of decen¬tral¬ized energy systems (Nathan, Das, & Ps, 2022) and distributed generation (Wolsink, 2012).  This type of systems has also called for collaborative efforts at multiple level to ensure that indivi¬duals in rural areas have access to electricity and to do that community members maintain and opera¬te energy system (Nathan et al., 2022) due to can manage of resource use and users (Wolsink, 2012).

To address this challenge, Elinor Ostrom (1990) introduced an innovative management approach known as self-governance. This approach emphasizes the possibility that local communities can have authority in the management of common resources or engage in co-management. Self-governance has generated considerable interest in the field of organizational design as it represents a non-hierarchical approach (Fjeldstad, Snow, Miles, & Letti 2012) that encourages collective action among community members through collaboration, defined as both cooperation and coordination (Gulati, Wohlgezogen & Zhelyazkov, 2012).

This doctoral project focuses on the sustainability and adaptability of collective actions (people work together to achieve a common goal) in managing electricity as a common resource in isolated areas. The initial step involves conducting a systematic literature review to identify organizational design mechanisms that encourage collaboration around common resources and represents Paper One of this doctoral project. The mechanisms identified will play a key role in Paper Two, in which will develop a system dynamics model that simulates the operation of an electricity system and will support the creation of a board game. This board game will simulate the operation of a small-scale photovoltaic farm shared among a group of households.

The board game will be utilized to conduct experiments, with participants playing the roles of individuals who must share and ensure access to electricity for essential functions while avoiding the tragedy of the commons (Hardin, 1968). These experiments will involve undergraduate students at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, some of whom have experienced limited access to electricity. Through these experiments, we aim to observe whether the commons' members strive to sustain the common resource, engage in overexploitation, or follow a "tit-for-tat" strategy and we want to consolidate the findings in the Paper Three.

Everyone is welcome!